Five ways to prevent mastitis
Mastitis is one of those words that strikes fear in the heart of breastfeeding moms—and for good reason! It’s painful, frustrating, and can disrupt the breastfeeding journey. The good news is that you can take steps to lower your risk of developing mastitis. Before diving into prevention, let’s break down what mastitis is and how it happens.
What is mastitis?
Mastitis is an infection that stems from inflammation of the breast tissue, often caused by a blocked milk duct or bacteria entering the breast. The symptoms can include breast pain, swelling, warmth, redness, fever, and flu-like symptoms. It often occurs within the first few months of breastfeeding but can happen at any point during lactation.
Blocked ducts can result from a variety of factors, such as incomplete emptying of the breast, pressure on the breast (from tight bras or clothing), or skipping feedings. Bacteria can also enter the breast through cracked nipples, leading to infection.
So now the reason that you are here! How can you prevent mastitis?
1. Ensure proper latch and breastfeeding positioning
Improper latch is a leading cause of incomplete breast emptying and clogged ducts. Upon latching, ensure that your baby is getting on deeply, not just the nipple. Experiment with different breastfeeding positions to find what works best for both of you. Football hold, cradle hold, and side-lying positions are all great options within the first months of life. A lactation consultant can be a valuable resource to assess and improve latch, reducing your risk of mastitis.
2. Empty your breasts frequently
Breastfeeding is all about supply and demand. If your breasts are full for too long, milk can back up and lead to a clogged duct, increasing your risk of mastitis. Feeding on-demand can encourage frequent feeds to keep milk flowing freely. If your baby is sleeping longer stretches through the night and you are becoming full or waking up with wet sheets, it may be time to schedule an additional night-time pump session. For babies that may not fully drain one breast, switch sides to allow both breasts to be emptied regularly.
3. Avoid tight clothing and pressure on the breasts
Anything that restricts milk flow can contribute to clogged ducts and mastitis. Tight bras, underwire bras, baby carriers, or even sleeping in positions that put pressure on your breasts can lead to blockages. If able, purchase a bra specifically designed for breastfeeding or one that is underwire-free and comfortable. If you’re a side or stomach sleeper, be mindful of any pressure that may build up on the breast.
4. Practice good nipple care
Cracked or sore nipples provide an entry point for bacteria, which can lead to infection and mastitis. Keep your nipples healthy by ensuring your baby’s latch is good and applying lanolin or nipple cream to soothe any soreness. Change your breast pads frequently to keep your nipples dry, as a damp environment encourages bacterial growth. Consult with your lactation consultant or obstetrician if you are having issues with damaged nipples and explore options such as medicated creams and silver nipple cups.
5. Stay hydrated and eat nutritious foods
Breastfeeding demands a lot from your body, so staying hydrated and eating a balanced diet is essential. If you have breastfed before, you know that the act of feeding will trigger a thirst like you have never experienced before. Carrying a water bottle with you and making sure you are well hydrated will help improve everything from feeds to constipation. Dehydration can affect milk production and lead to engorgement, which increases the risk of clogged ducts. Breastfeeding also burns a crazy amount of calories. Make sure you’re getting enough to eat from a variety of nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
Bonus tip: treat clogged ducts quickly
Make sure to act fast if you feel a lump or tenderness in your breast to clear any potential blockage. Do this by nursing frequently, using warm compresses, and massaging the affected area while feeding to help release the duct. Another trick is to fill a Haakaa silicone pump with warm water and Epsom salt, apply suction to the affected breast, and massage lightly to release the clog. Addressing a clogged duct early can prevent it from developing into full-blown mastitis.
Hang in there.
Mastitis is a painful and frustrating condition, but with proper care and attention to your breastfeeding routine, it can often be avoided. Ensuring a good latch, emptying your breasts regularly, wearing comfortable clothing, practicing good nipple care, and maintaining proper hydration are all key ways to reduce your risk. If you do experience any early symptoms of a clogged duct, addressing it quickly can make all the difference.
Related articles:
Five tricks for nailing a breastfeeding sleep schedule
How to ween a breastfed baby while keeping sleep intact.